Lawrence H. Sweet Adjunct Professor of Psychiatry and Human Behavior

Lawrence Sweet examines brain-behavior relationships in clinical populations using cognitive and affective neuroscience techniques, particularly multimodal neuroimaging and neuropsychological assessments.

Brown Affiliations

Research Areas

scholarly work

Alosco, M, Spitznagel, M, van Dulmen, M, Raz, N, Cohen, R, Sweet, L, Colbert, L, Josephson, R, Hughes, J, Rosneck, J, Gunstad, J. Reduced Cognitive Function is Associated with Poorer Adherence among Older Adults with Heart Failure. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. In press.

Miller, LA, Spitznagel, MB, Alosco, ML, Cohen, RA, Raz, N, Sweet, LH, Colbert, L, Josephson, R, Hughes, J, Rosneck, J, & Gunstad, J. Cognitive profiles in heart failure: a cluster analytic approach. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. In press.

Alosco, ML, Spitznagel, MB, Miller, L, Raz, N, Cohen, R, Sweet, LH, Colbert, LH, Josephson, R, Waechter, D, Hughes, J, Rosneck, J, Gunstad, J. Depression is associated with reduced physical activity in persons with heart failure. Health Psychology. In press.

Keary TA, Gunstad, J, Benitez, A, Spitznagel, M, McCaffery, J, McGeary, J, Poppas, A, Paul, RH, Sweet, LH, Cohen, RA. TCFL7L2 polymorphism is associated with neuropsychological test performance in older adults with cardiovascular disease. Psychogeriatrics. In press.

MacKillop, J, Brown, CL, Stojek. MK, Murphy, CM, Sweet, LH, Niaura, RS. Behavioral Economic Analysis of Withdrawal- and Cue-elicited Craving for Tobacco: An Initial Investigation, Nicotine and Tobacco Research. In press.

Garcia, S, Spitznagel, M, Cohen, R, Raz, N, Sweet, L, Colbert, L, Josephson, R, Hughes, J, Rosneck, J, Gunstad, J. Depression is associated with cognitive dysfunction in older adults with heart failure. Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology. In press.

MacKillop, J, Amlung, M, Wier, L, David, SP, Ray, LA, Bickel, WK, Sweet, LH. The neuroeconomics of nicotine dependence: An fMRI study of delay discounting in nicotine dependent adults. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging. In press.

Hassenstab, JJ, Sweet, LH, McCaffery, J, Demos, K, Cohen, R, Del Parigi, A, Wing, RR. Cortical thickness of the cognitive control network in obesity and successful weight loss maintenance: A preliminary MRI study. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging. In press.

Alosco, ML, Spitznagel, MB, Raz, N, Cohen, R, Sweet, LH, Colbert, LH, Josephson, R, Waechter, D, Hughes, J, Rosneck, J, Gunstad, J. The 2-minute step test is independently associated with cognitive function in older adults with heart failure. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. In press.

Uraina S. Clark, US, Cohen, RA, Gongvatana, A, Sweet, LH, Hana, GN, Westbrook, ML, Devlin, KN, Mulligan, RC, Jerskey, BA, White, TL, Tashima, KT. Effects of HIV and early life stress on amygdala morphometry and neurocognitive function. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. In press.

Sweet, LH, MacKillop, J, Amlung, M. Functional Neuroimaging in Addictions Research. In J Mackillop and H de Wit (Editors). The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Addiction Psychopharmacology. Wiley-Blackwell, New York. In press.

Alosco ML, Spitznagel MB, Raz N, Cohen R, Sweet LH, van Dulmen M, Colbert LH, Josephson R, Waechter D, Hughes J, Rosneck J, Gunstad J. Cognitive reserve moderates the association between heart failure and cognitive impairment. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 2012 Jan;34(1):1-10.

Alosco ML, Spitznagel MB, Cohen R, Sweet LH, Colbert LH, Josephson R, Waechter D, Hughes J, Rosneck J, Gunstad J. Cognitive impairment is independently associated with reduced instrumental activities of daily living in persons with heart failure. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2012 Jan-Feb;27(1):44-50.

David, SP, Sweet, LH, Cohen, R., Mulligan, RC, and Niaura, R. Application of functional neuroimaging to examination of nicotine dependence. In Cohen, RA, and Sweet, LH (Editors). Brain Imaging in Behavioral Medicine and Neuropsychology. 2011, Springer, New York.

Sweet, LH and Vanderhill, SD. Multiple Sclerosis. In Cohen, RA, and Sweet, LH (Editors). Brain Imaging in Behavioral Medicine and Neuropsychology. 2011, Springer, New York.

Cohen, RA and Sweet, LH (Editors). Brain Imaging in Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Springer, New York, 2011.

Miller, LA, Gunstad, J, Spitznagel, MB, McCaffery, J, McGeary, J, Poppas, A, Paul, RH, Sweet, LH, Cohen, RA. CAMTA1 T polymorphism is associated with neuropsychological test performance in older adults with cardiovascular disease. Psychogeriatrics. 2011; 11(3):135-140.

MacKillop, J, Amlung, MT, Few, LR, Ray, LA, Sweet, LH, Munafò, MR. Delayed reward discounting and addictive behavior: a meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology (Berlin). 2011; 216(3):305-21.

Phelan S, Hassenstab J, McCaffery JM, Sweet LH, Raynor HA, Cohen RA, Wing RR. Cognitive interference from food cues in weight loss maintainers, normal weight, and obese individuals. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011; 19(1):69-73.

Mulligan RC, Knopik VS, Sweet LH, Fischer M, Seidenberg M, Rao SM. Neural correlates of inhibitory control in adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Evidence from the Milwaukee longitudinal sample. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging. 2011 Nov 30;194(2):119-29.

Sweet, LH. Functional magnetic resonance imaging. In Cohen, RA, and Sweet, LH (Editors). Brain Imaging in Behavioral Medicine and Neuropsychology. 2011, Springer, New York.

Sweet, LH. Information Processing Speed. In Kreutzer, J, DeLuca, and J, Caplan, B (Editors). Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. 2010, Springer, New York.

Sweet, LH. N-Back Paradigm. In Kreutzer, J, DeLuca, and J, Caplan, B (Editors). Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. 2010, Springer, New York.

Sweet, LH and Jerskey, BA. Working Memory. In Kreutzer, J, DeLuca, and J, Caplan, B (Editors). Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. 2010, Springer, New York.

Sweet, LH and Haley, AP. Functional magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cardiovascular disease. In Cohen, RA, and Gunstad, JJ (Editors). Brain Function in Cardiovascular Disease. 2010, Oxford, New York.

Sweet, LH, Mulligan, RC, Finnerty, C, Jerskey, BA, Cohen, R, and Niaura, R. Effects of nicotine withdrawal on verbal working memory. Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging. 2010; 183(1):69-74.

Okonkwo, OC, Alosco, ML, Jerskey, BA, Sweet, LH, Ott, BR, Tremont, G, and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Cerebral atrophy, APOE4, and rate of functional decline in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimer's and Dementia. 2010; 6(5):404-11.

Sweet, LH, Jerskey, BA, Aloia, MS. Withdrawal of positive airway pressure treatment and default network response to a verbal working memory challenge in obstructive sleep apnea. Brain Imaging and Behavior. 2010; 4(2):155-63.

Paskavitz, J, Sweet, LH, Wellen, J, Helmer, K, Cohen, R. Recruitment and Stabilization of brain activation within a working memory task; an FMRI study. Brain Imaging and Behavior. 2010; 4(1):5-21.

Sweet, LH, Vanderhill, SD, Jerskey, BA, Gordon, N, Paul, RH, Cohen, RA. Subvocal articulatory rehearsal during verbal working memory in multiple sclerosis. Neurocase. 2010; 16(5):418-425.

Sweet, LH. Default Network. In Kreutzer, J, DeLuca, and J, Caplan, B (Editors). Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. 2010, Springer, New York.

Sweet, LH. Symbol Search. In Kreutzer, J, DeLuca, and J, Caplan, B (Editors). Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. 2010, Springer, New York.

Haley, AP, Hoth, KF, Gunstad, J, Paul, RH, Jefferson, AL, Tate, DT, Ono, M, Jerskey, BA, Poppas, A, Sweet, LH, Cohen, RA. Subjective cognitive complaints relate to white matter hyperintensities and future cognitive decline in patients with cardiovascular disease. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2009; 17(11):976-85.

Irani, F, Sweet, LH, Haley, AP, Gunstad, JJ, Jerskey, BA, Mulligan, RC, Jefferson, A, Poppas, A, Cohen, RA. An fMRI study of verbal working memory, cardiac output and ejection fraction in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease. Brain Imaging and Behavior. 2009; 3(4):350-357

Gunstad, J, Keary, T, Poppas, A, Paul, R, Jefferson, A, Sweet, L, Hoth, K, Haley, A, Forman, D, Cohen, R. Blood pressure and cognitive function in older adults with cardiovascular disease. International Journal of Neuroscience. 2009; 119:2228-2242.

McCaffery JM, Haley AP, Sweet LH, Phelan S, Raynor HA, Del Parigi A, Cohen R, Wing RR. Differential functional magnetic resonance imaging response to food pictures in successful weight-loss maintainers relative to normal-weight and obese controls. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2009; 90(4):928-34.

Gunstad J, Benitez A, Hoth KF, Spitznagel MB, McCaffery J, McGeary J, Kakos LS, Poppas A, Paul RH, Jefferson AL, Sweet LH, Cohen RA. P-selectin 1087G/A polymorphism is associated with neuropsychological test performance in older adults with cardiovascular disease. Stroke. 2009; 40(9):2969-72.

Stanek KM, Gunstad J, Paul RH, Poppas A, Jefferson AL, Sweet LH, Hoth KF, Haley AP, Forman DE, Cohen RA. Longitudinal cognitive performance in older adults with cardiovascular disease: evidence for improvement in heart failure. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 2009; 24(3):192-7.

Cohen, RA, Poppas, A, Forman, D, Hoth, KF, Haley, AP, Gunstad, JJ, Jefferson, AL, Tate, DF, Paul, RH, Sweet, LH, Ono, M, Jerskey, BA, Gerhard-Herman, M. Vascular and cognitive functions associated with cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 2009; 31(1):96-110.

Jerskey, BA, Cohen, RA, Jefferson, AL, Hoth, KF, Haley, AP, Gunstad, JJ, Forman, DE, Sweet, LH, and Poppas, A. Sustained attention associated with systemic reduction of blood flow. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. 2009; 15(1):137-41.

Aloia MS, Sweet LH, Jerskey BA, Zimmerman M, Todd Arnedt J, Millman RP. Treatment effects on brain activity during a working memory task in obstructive sleep apnea. Journal of Sleep Research. 2009; 18(4):404-10.

Cohen, RA, Salloway, S, Sweet, LH. Neuropsychiatric aspects of disorders of attention. In SC Yudofsky and RE Hales (Editors). Textbook of Neuropsychiatry. 2008, American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC.

Haley, AP, Gunstad, J, Cohen, RA, Jerskey, BA, Mulligan, RC, and Sweet, LH. Neural correlates of visuospatial working memory in healthy young adults at risk for hypertension, Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2008; 2(3):192-199.

Browndyke, JN, Tucker, KA, Sweet, LH, Paskavitz, J, Cohen, R, Welsh-Bohmer, KA, Burke, JR, Cabeza, R, Schmechel, DE. Neuroanatomical correlates of malingered memory impairment: event-related fMRI of deception on a recognition memory task. Brain Injury. 2008; 22(6):481-9.

Sweet, LH, Paskavitz, JF, Haley, AP, Gunstad, JJ, Nyalakanti, PK, Cohen, RA. Imaging phonological similarity effects in verbal working memory. Neuropsychologia. 2008; 46:114-1123.

Paul, RH, Grieve, SM, Niaura, R, David, SP, Laidlaw, D, Cohen, R, Sweet, LH, Taylor, G, Clark, CR, Pogun, S, Gordon, E. Chronic cigarette smoking and the microstructural integrity of white matter in healthy adults: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 2008; 10(1):137-147.

David, SP, Munafò, MR, Johansen-Berg, H, Sweet, LH, Cohen, RA, Niaura, RA, Rogers, RA, Matthews, PM, Walton, RT. Effects of acute nicotine abstinence on cue-elicited ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens activation. Brain Imaging and Behavior. 2007; 1(3-4):43-57.

Felver-Gant JC, Bruce AS, Zimmerman M, Sweet LH, Millman RP, Aloia MS. Working memory in obstructive sleep apnea: construct validity and treatment effects. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2007; 3(6):589-594.

Keary TA, Gunstad J, Poppas A, Paul RH, Jefferson AL, Hoth KF, Sweet LH, Forman DE, Cohen RA. Blood pressure variability and Dementia Rating Scale performance in older adults with cardiovascular disease. Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 2007, 20(1):73-77.

Haley, AP, Forman, DE, Poppas, A, Hoth, KF, Gunstad, J, Jefferson, AL, Paul, RH, Ler, ASH, Sweet, LH, Cohen, RA. Carotid artery intima-media thickness and cognition in cardiovascular disease. The International Journal of Cardiology. 2007; 121(2):148-154.

Haley AP, Sweet LH, Gunstad J, Forman DE, Poppas A, Paul RH, Tate DF, Cohen RA. Verbal working memory and atherosclerosis in patients with cardiovascular disease: an fMRI study. Journal of Neuroimaging. 2007; 17(3):227-233.

Sweet, LH, Rao, SM, Primeau, M, Durgerian, S, and Cohen, RA. FMRI response to increased working memory demands among patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Human Brain Mapping. 2006; 27(1):28-36.

Cohen RA, Grieve S, Hoth KF, Paul RH, Sweet LH, Tate D, Gunstad J, Stroud L, McCaffery J, Hitsman B, Niaura R, Clark CR, MacFarlane A, Bryant R, Gordon E, Williams LM. Early life stress and morphometry of the adult anterior cingulate cortex and caudate nuclei. Biological Psychiatry, 2006; 59(10):975-82.

Cohen RA, Paul RH, Stroud L, Gunstad J, Hitsman BL, McCaffery J, Sweet LH, Niaura R, MacFarlane A, Bryant RA, Gordon E. Early life stress and adult emotional experience: an international perspective. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 2006; 36(1):35-52.

Paskavitz, J and Sweet, LH. Spatial Evolution of Neural Activity. United States Patent 20050053550, 2005.

Sweet, LH, Paskavitz, JF, O'Connor, MJ, Browndyke, JN, Wellen, JW, and Cohen, RA. FMRI correlates of the WAIS-III Symbol Search subtest. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. 2005; 11(4):471-476.

Sweet, LH, Rao, SM, Primeau, P, Mayer, A, and Cohen, RA. A FMRI study of verbal working memory among MS patients. Journal of Neuroimaging. 2004; 14(2):150-157.

Cohen, RA, Sweet, LH, Tate, D, and Fischer, M. Functional brain imaging in cerebrovascular disease. In Paul, R, Cohen, R, Ott, B and Salloway, S (Editors). Vascular Dementia: Mechanisms and Clinical Management. 2004, Humana Press, New York.

Sweet, LH, Paul, RH, Cohen, RA, Moser, D, Ott, B, Gordon, N, Browndyke, J, Shah P, and Garett, K. Neuroimaging correlates of Dementia Rating Scale performance at baseline and 12-month follow-up among patients with vascular dementia. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology. 2003; 16(4):240-244.

Paul, RH, Cohen, RA, Moser, D, Ott, B, Sethi, M, Sweet, LH, Browndyke, J, Malloy, P, Garrett, K. Clinical correlates of cognitive decline in vascular dementia. Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology. 2003; 16(1):40-46.

Cohen RA, Brumm V, Zawacki TM, Paul R, Sweet LH, Rosenbaum A. Impulsivity and verbal deficits associated with domestic violence. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. 2003; 9(5):760-770.

Paul RH, Cohen RA, Moser D, Browndyke J, Davis K, Gordon N, Sweet LH, Lawrence J, Zawacki T. Sensitivity of the Dementia Rating Scale in vascular dementia: Comparison between two sets of criteria to define cognitive impairment. Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2003; 15(1-2):116-20.

Cohen RA, Browndyke JN, Moser DJ, Paul RH, Gordon N, and Sweet LH. Long-term citicoline (cytidine diphosphate choline) use in patients with vascular dementia: neuroimaging and neuropsychological outcomes. Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2003; 16(3):199-204.

Cohen RA, Paul R, Zawacki TM, Moser DJ, Sweet LH, Wilkinson H. Emotional and personality changes following cingulotomy. Emotion. 2001; 1(1):38-50.

Friedman, JH, Abrantes, A, Sweet, LH. Fatigue in Parkinson's disease. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 2011; 12(13):1999-2007.

Sweet, LH, Primeau, M, Fichtner, C, and Lutz, G. Dissociation of affect recognition and mood state from blunting in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research. 1998; 81:301-308.

Sweet, LH, Hassenstab, J, McCaffery, JM, Haley, AP, Bond, D, Raynor, HA, Del Parigi, A, Cohen, R, Wing, RR. Brain response to food stimulation in obese, normal weight, and successful weight loss maintainers. Revision submitted to Obesity.

research overview

Lawrence Sweet examines brain-behavior relationships in clinical populations (e.g., Multiple Sclerosis, nicotine dependence, dementia, heart failure) using cognitive and affective neuroscience techniques, particularly multimodal neuroimaging and neuropsychological assessments. Dr. Sweet's FMRI work includes experimental design, data analyses, paradigm development, and assessment of clinically relevant constructs (e.g., objective assessments of subjective states, prediction of treatment outcome).

research statement

Lawrence Sweet, Ph.D., is Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Human Behavior in the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Director of the Butler Hospital Neuroimaging Center (NIC). Dr. Sweet examines brain-behavior relationships among clinical populations using multi-sequence structural and functional neuroimaging methods. His FMRI work also focuses on experimental design, data analyses, and paradigm development. Dr. Sweet has developed FMRI paradigms designed to objectively assess clinically relevant constructs, such as cognitive processing speed, working memory, craving, decision-making, impulsivity, effort, and fatigue. He is also developing clinical applications, such as the use of baseline FMRI assessments to predict treatment outcome. A primary goal of his research is the identification and application of sensitive neuroimaging markers associated with the earliest stages of brain dysfunction. Recent projects include FMRI studies of cognitive function among patients diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis, nicotine dependence, sleep apnea, cardiovascular disease, and dementia.

funded research

ACTIVE NIH GRANTS

1. NHLBI R01HL084178-01A1, PI: Lawrence Sweet, $1.7 million (Direct),
2007-2011
Hemodynamic and Cognitive Function in Cardiovascular Disease
Role: Principal Investigator

2. NIDA R21DA031269-01A1, PI: Lawrence Sweet, $275,000 (Direct), 2012-
2013
Neuroimaging approaches to improve prediction of relapse during
smoking cessation
Role: Principal Investigator (Pending, Priority Score = 10)

3. NHLBI R01HL089311, PI: Gunstad, $102,500 (Direct, subcontract
only) 2008-2012
Cognitive benefits of cardiac rehabilitation in heart failure
Role: Co-Investigator (PI of Butler Hospital subcontract)

4. NCI U01CA150387, PI: Rena Wing, $276,000 (Direct, subcontract
only), 2009-2014
Increasing Sleep Duration: A novel approach to weight control
Role: Co-Investigator (PI of Butler Hospital subcontract)

5. NIAAA K99AA020235, PI: Assawin Gongvatana, (in kind) 2011-2015
Impact of Excessive Alcohol Use in HIV-Associated Brain
Dysfunction: A DTI Study
Role: Co-Mentor

6. NIDDK K01DK090445, PI: Kathryn Demos, (in kind) 2011-2015
(Pending, Priority Score=20)
The Neural Correlates of Food Choice Decision-Making in Obesity
and Weight Loss
Role: Co-Mentor

7. NIMH New K23 Uraina Clark, (in kind) 2012-2017 (Pending, Priority
Score=18)
Effects of Early-Life Stress on HIV-Associated Brain Dysfunction
in Adults
Role: Primary Mentor

COMPLETED NIH GRANTS

1. NCI P50CA084719-060002, PI: Lawrence Sweet, $1.3 million (Direct),
2004-2010
Nicotine Dependence: Phenotype, Endophenotype and Contexts.
Project 2: fMRI Study of Nicotine Exposure in Discordant Sib-Pairs
Role: Principal Investigator 2009-2010 (Co-Investigator 2005-2009)

2. NIDA R01DA020725, PI: Tara White, $40,000 (Direct, subcontract
only) 2007-2011
Amphetamine effects on fMRI and behavior: Genetic and Personality
Differences
Role: Co Investigator (PI of Butler Hospital subcontract)

3. NIA F32AG03284701, Jason Hassenstab, (in kind) 2008-2010
An FMRI study of verbal working memory in metabolic syndrome
Role: Co-Mentor

4. NIDA R03DA022137, PI: Robert Paul, $20,000 (Direct, subcontract)
2006-2007
Functional Neuroimaging of Cognitive Dysfunction in HIV-HCV Co-
Infection.
Role: Co-Investigator (PI of Butler Hospital subcontract)

5. NIDDK R01DK066787-S2, PI: Rena Wing, $20,000 (Direct,
subcontract), 2004-2007
Long-Term Weight Loss Maintenance: FMRI
Role: Co-Investigator (PI of Butler Hospital subcontract)

6. NIDA R03DA017178, PI: Tara White, $10,000 (Direct, subcontract
only), 2003-2006
Individual differences in amphetamine use
Role: Co-Investigator (PI of Butler Hospital subcontract)

7. NINDS 1F32NS042404, PI: Lawrence Sweet, $80,000, (Direct), 2001-
2003
Cognitive speed and working memory in multiple sclerosis.
Role: Principal Investigator

NIH GRANT APPLICATIONS UNDER REVIEW

1. NIMH T32MH096676, PI: Lawrence Sweet, submitted May 2011
Neuroimaging Training in Psychiatry Research
Role: Principal Investigator

2. NCCAM R21AT007249, PI: Lawrence Sweet, submitted June 2011
Novel Approaches to Assess and Treat Fatigue in Parkinson's
Disease
Role: Principal Investigator

4. NIDA New R01, PI: Jane Metrik, Submitted June 2011
Neurobiological mechanisms of placebo response to marijuana
treatment expectancy
Role: Co-Investigator

5. VA Career Development Award, PI: Noah Philip, Submitted June 2011
Early Life Stress and the Default Mode Network
Role: Co-Mentor

6. NIMH K23 MH093623, PI: Nicole McLaughlin, Submitted March 2011
Neurocircuitry and outcome of neurosurgery for obsessive-
compulsive disorder
Role: Co-Mentor

NON-NIH GRANTS

1. Russell Sage Foundation, PI: James MacKillop, $5,000, 2007-2008, Grants in Behavioral Economics: Neuroeconomics of Nicotine Dependence, Role: Co-Investigator

2. Lifespan Developmental Grant Program, PI: David Williams, $20,000, 2007-2008, Exercise as a treatment for depression: exploring brain mechanisms via FMRI, Role: Co-Investigator

3. Ittleson Foundation, PI: Lawrence Sweet, $6,500, 2004-2006, Age, Cardiovascular Health, FMRI and Cognitive Function, Role: Principal Investigator

4. Ittleson Foundation, PI: Ronald Cohen, $6500, 2003-2004, The effects of nicotine on brain activity during working memory, Role: Co Investigator

5. Ittleson Foundation, PI: Ronald Cohen, $6500, 2003-2004, The effects of donepezil on brain activity in Alzheimer's Disease, Role: Co Investigator

6. Ittleson Foundation, PI: Mark Aloia, $13,000, 2004-2006, The effects of treatment for sleep apnea on brain activity, Role: Co Investigator

7. Pfizer Inc clinical protocol Q1026, PI: James Paskavitz, $250,000, 2004-2005, Efficacy of anticholiergic medication in AD as assessed by FMRI, Role: Co Investigator

8. Brown University CTBR, PI: Alesandra Kazura, $20,000, 2005-2006,
Collaboration for Translational Brain Research: Neurobehavioral correlates of adolescent smoking, Role: Co-Investigator

9. Brain Sciences Program Pilot Research Project, PI: Laura Stroud, $10,000, Neural circuits of social rejection stress in at-risk adolescents. Role: Co Investigator

10. Ittleson Foundation, PI: John Gunstad, $6500, 2005-2006, Genetic risk hypertension, visual working memory, and brain activity, Role: Co Investigator