Professor Emeritus of Medicine (Research), Professor Emeritus of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry (Research)

Overview

Dr. Nillni is an Emeritus Professor in the Departments of Medicine and the Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry at Brown University. He has been a member of the Brown faculty since 1989. He has a master's in Biological Sciences from the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and a Ph.D. from the Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, where he studied the Biochemistry of Parasitic Protozoa. Dr. Nillni completed his post-doctoral fellowship in membrane biology of parasitic protozoa at Tufts-New England Medical Center in Boston. He then became a faculty member in 1984. He subsequently shifted his research to the field of Neuroendocrinology and Cell Biology when he moved to Brown University. Since then, he has studied the role of neuropeptide hormones and nutrient sensors in the hypothalamus interacting with the adipocyte hormone leptin and other vital components of the regulatory system controlling food intake energy homeostasis. His recent textbook, "Textbook of Energy Balance, Neuropeptide Hormones, and Neuroendocrine Function" (Springer International)represents a vast body of the latest knowledge in neuropeptides and their action on energy balance. It contains a detailed and comprehensive account of specific hypothalamic peptides controlling energy balance and food intake. 

Dr. Nillni has contributed substantially to the neurobiology of neuropeptide hormones controlling energy balance. His laboratory has produced seminal work demonstrating that neuropeptide hormones' biosynthesis from their pro-hormones is nutritionally regulated. These nutritional changes affect the activity of the Pro-hormone Convertases 1 and 2 (PC1 And PC2), essential in the maturation of all pro-hormones. Most of his studies focused on pro-Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (pro-TRH) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) polypeptides directly involved in energy homeostasis. He has described how hormones and neurotransmitters, including leptin, α-MSH, Norepinephrine (NE), and thyroid hormone regulate pro-TRH at transcriptional, protein biosynthesis, and secretion levels in the hypothalamus. The universal finding derived from these studies demonstrated that besides affecting TRH transcription and pro-TRH biosynthesis, leptin, NE, α-MSH, and thyroid hormone also affect the maturation of PC1 and PC2. This tightly regulated mechanism to produce biologically active peptides occurs for most peptide hormones produced in the hypothalamus. A breakthrough study from his laboratory in the biology of leptin was that aside from regulating peptide hormone expression, leptin also controls pro-hormone processing by regulating PC1 and PC2. This novel concept was introduced in 2004 to the obesity field, which provided the basis for many studies conducted today in other laboratories. In collaboration with his colleagues at Harvard University, his laboratory also demonstrated for the first time that leptin regulates the TRH and POMC gene expression through activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway. His laboratory showed for the first time that the Diacetyl enzyme Sirt1, present in the hypothalamus, operates as a nutrient sensor that regulates food intake. He also revealed that endoplasmic reticulum stress, developed in the hypothalamus of the obese, prevents the proper protein folding and processing of POMC, which is an essential anorectic precursor to maintaining body weight in check.

Through his 26 years at Brown, Dr. Nillni trained more than 50 undergraduate students in their independent study class. He has mentored summer interns, numerous graduate students, and postdoctoral fellows. He was an executive member of the Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry Ph.D. graduate program and the Ph.D. and MD/Ph.D. admission committees. In addition to undergraduate courses, Dr. Nillni taught for 18 years a graduate class on protein processing and trafficking, a subject on cell biology that did not exist in the Molecular and Cellular Biology graduate program. Dr. Nillni has published over 75 manuscripts, including reviews, a book on energy balance, obesity, and chapter books. He was on the editorial board of various prestigious scientific journals and has been a reviewer for nineteen journals, including Nature, Cell, Journal of Biological Chemistry, and Journal of Clinical Investigation. He was also a member of several national and international review committees, including the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health Study Sections, for over 24 years. Dr. Nillni is a European Science Foundation and College of Experts member. 

Brown Affiliations